The Effect of Low-Impact Aerobic Exercise on Social Interaction in Patients with Schizophrenia at RSJD Dr. Arif Zainudin Surakarta

Olivia Safitri

Authors

Olivia Safitri Poltekkes Kemenkes Surakarta Author

Keywords:

low impact, aerobic exercise, social interaction, SIAS, schizophrenia

Abstract

Background: Schizophrenia is a severe psychiatric disorder characterized by cognitive, emotional, and behavioral deficits, often accompanied by reduced social interaction that may hinder the rehabilitation process. Low-impact aerobic exercise has been proposed as a non-pharmacological intervention to promote physical activity while simultaneously providing opportunities for social engagement. This study aims to determine the effect of low-impact aerobic exercise on the social interaction ability of individuals with schizophrenia at RSJD Dr. Arif Zainudin Surakarta.

Methods: A quantitative pre-experimental study employing a one-group pretest–posttest design was conducted. Twenty-five participants diagnosed with schizophrenia were recruited through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of low-impact aerobic exercise sessions administered five times per week, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Social interaction ability was assessed using the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS). Changes in social interaction scores before and after the intervention were analyzed using the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test.

Results: Most participants were male (76%), in late adults (48%), unmarried (64%), had completed senior high school education (56%), and had a history of employment (78%). The greatest improvement in social interaction was observed among male participants (53%), those in early adulthood (57.1%), divorced individuals (50%), participants with elementary school education (50%), and those with a history of employment (41.1%). Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between pre- and post-intervention social interaction scores (p < 0.001), indicating a significant improvement following the low-impact aerobic exercise program.

Conclusion: Low-impact aerobic exercise significantly improved social interaction abilities among individuals with schizophrenia at RSJD Dr. Arif Zainudin Surakarta.

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